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Romania is located in the geographic centre of Europe. It neighbours to the North on Ukraine, to the East on the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, and the Black Sea, to the South on Bulgaria, to the South-West on Serbia, and to the West on Hungary. It stretches over 238,391 sq km, which ranks it 12th in Europe.

The administrative organization of Romania features 41 counties, and Bucharest, thecapital city. In the counties, the basic administrative units are the towns and communes (made of several villages). There are 263 cities and towns, of which 80 municipalities, and 2 685 communes with over 13 285 villages. Besides Bucharest, which has a population of nearly 2.1 million, there are 17 cities with over 100 000 inhabitants, 7 of which exceed 300 000.

The majority population – about 90% – is made of Romanians, and the rest of 10% includes Hungarians – 6.6%, Germans, Ukrainians, Roma, Turks, Tartars, Serbs, Slovakians, Bulgarians, etc. Romania’s relief is very diverse and complex. 31% of the area is covered by mountains (with heights between 800 and 2543 m), 36% by hills and tablelands, and the rest of 33% by plains (under 200 m elevation).

The harmoniously set relief has the Carpathian Mountains as an axis. In the center lies the Palteau of Transylvania, surrounded by the chains of the Carpathians: the Eastern Carpathians, the Southern Carpathians with the highest elevation in Romania being the Moldoveanu Peak, 2543 m, and the Western Carpathians. An intermediate relief form, the hills and the plateaus are situated inside and outside the Carpathian arch. The Sub-Carpathian hills (the Eastern and Southern Sub-Carpathians with heights of 800-900 m) slope down towards the plains. The largest plain (Baragan or the Romanian Plain), the country’s main agricultural zone, lies in the South, along the Danube.

The network of rivers is shaped radially because of the relief configuration, most of them having their sources in the Carpathian Mountains. The main collector is the River Danube, which traces the largest part of Romania’s southern border (of its total length of 2850 km, 1075 km are on the border and in the territory of Romania). Other major rivers: Mures (768 km), Olt (736 km), Prut(716 km), Siret (598 km), Ialomita (410 km), Somes (388 km), Arges (344 km), Jiu(331 km). Of the about 3500 lakes in Romania, 300 have a surface in excess of 1 sq. km., the largest being Razelm and Sinoe (415 and 171 sq. km.) on the Black Sea Coast.

Basically Belarus is a safe place for travelers, provided that they behave reasonably. Locals are usually friendly and helpful.51.2% of Belarusian are employed by state-controlled companies, 47.4% are employed by private Belarusian companies (of which 5.7% are partially foreign-owned), and 1.4% are employed by foreign companies

Climate

The climate is temperate continental, with slight ocean influences in the West, Mediterranean in the South-West, and excessively-continental in the North-East.

The annual average temperature varies between 8°C in the North and 11°C in the South. Romania’s flora and fauna are very rich and variegated, given the geographic position and the diversity of natural conditions.

CURRENCY

Currency in Romania: Romanian New Leu (RON). The Romanian Leu (plural: lei; ISO 4217 code RON) is the national currency of Romania. One leu is subdivided into 100 bani (singular:ban). The leu was established in 1880 by the National Bank of Romania /BANCA NAŢIONALĂ A ROMÂNIEI (BNR). On 1 July 2005, Romania had a currency reform, redenominated its currency; Romania switched from the old leu (ROL) to the new leu (RON). 1 RON = 10,000 ROL.

The new notes come into denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 new lei. The largest note of the old leu was 1,000,000 lei, or 100 new lei. The largest note of the new leu is worth 500 new lei. New leu notes will also have the same dimensions as euro notes of similar value. Additionally, they will use the same colours and design as their corresponding old leu equivalent (for example, the 100 lei note will look similar to the 1,000,000 old lei note).

Economic Profile

With a population of 22 million, Romania is Central Europe’s second largest market. Romania boasts several real advantages:

An excellent location at the crossroads of the main trade routes between western Europe and Asia, between South Europe (the Mediterranean) and northern Europe;

Important river and sea navigation facilities (Constanta is the biggest port on the Black Sea; proximity to the Danube – Rhine – Main canal connecting the Black Sea to the North Sea);

Skilled labour, including highly trained specialists in the fields of technology, IT and engineering;

Plenty of natural resources (oil, gas etc.) and vast fertile croplands;

A huge tourism potential;

Diversified industrial structure;

Legislation favouring foreign investment, based on free and nondiscriminatory access to the market.

n 1990 Romania undertook an economic reform process that accompanied and complemented rapprochement or, in certain cases, integration in international institutions and organizations – the European Economic Community (which became the European Union / EU) and NATO, but then also the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the World Trade Organization / WTO (of which Romania is a founding member) or the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

Tourism

With Romania lying at a crossroads in Europe, it is easy to reach. Airlines, railways and trans-European roads, as well as waterways connect it to all the cardinal points of the Continent. The harmonious relief, featuring plains, hills and mountains, makes Romania ideal for tourism. In the Romanian Carpathians, representing an important part of the Alpes-Carpathian-Himalayan chain, mountain resorts offer all it takes for memorable holidays. The towns of Vatra Dornei and Borsa in the north, Slanicul Moldovei, Borsec and Sovata in the center, Poiana Brasov, Predeal, Sinaia, Busteni, Căciulata and Calimănesti in the center-south zone, Muntele Mic, Semenic and Băile Herculane in the south-west, Stâna de Vale in the north-west are only some of the holiday and health resorts in a widespread tourist network providing high-standard accommodation.

Thermal and mineral water springs in Romania represent the most important source of medicinal waters in Southeastern Europe, Romanian spa resorts being well known for their beneficial effect in various conditions and diseases. The Black Sea Coast – one of Europe’s widest seacoasts – features 15 resorts spreading over 50 km, each special in its own way, with fine beaches, hotels and health spas.